SPARK: Systems, Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Research Knowledge provides immediate open access to all published content based on the principle that freely available research promotes the global exchange of knowledge and accelerates scientific advancement.

All articles published in SPARK are freely accessible without subscription or registration fees. Readers are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link to the full text of published articles, provided that proper attribution is given to the original authors and the journal.

The journal supports the principles of open-access scholarly publishing to maximize the visibility, accessibility, and impact of scientific research for researchers, educators, practitioners, policymakers, and the general public worldwide.